Glycolic acid: Benefits, uses and side effects

Looking to try a new skin care ingredient that may help with exfoliation? Consider glycolic acid, the smallest of the alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs). Let's dive into how it works and what it can do for skin.

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What is glycolic acid and what does it do?

Esta AHA is derived from sugarcane and is used widely in many over-the-counter skin care products. Glycolic acid has a small molecular size, which helps it penetrate the skin more deeply and helps remove dead skin and encourage new skin cells to grow.

Glycolic acid works by weakening the bonds between cells in the outermost layers of the skin, a big step toward exfoliation. It can also increase hyaluronic acid levels in the outer layers of the skin, stimulating collagen production and improving the quality of elastic fibers. Glycolic acid does not increase risk for skin cancer. However, use of topical glycolic acid does increase the skin's sensitivity to the sun (also known as photosensitivity).

Glycolic acid is available in over-the-counter products, including:

• Exfoliants
• Acne treatments
• Tónicos

They may also be in chemical peels administered by a dermatologist or health care provider. Use of products containing glycolic acid may help manage conditions like:

• Acné
• acne scars
• dark spots
• Hyperpigmentation
• photodamage from the sun
• Seborrhea (causes scaly patches)

Talk to a health care provider about any concerning skin lesions. 

Using glycolic acid

Speak to a health care provider or dermatologist before introducing glycolic acid to your skin care routine. And be sure to follow the instructions on the chosen product. There are some general ways glycolic acid can be used.

• Test a small amount of a product containing glycolic acid. If the skin tolerates it, slowly increase use while following packaging instructions. If someone is unsure about where to begin or if they have an adverse reaction, they can contact their health care provider.
• Apply the product to clean skin using small circular motions. Do this for 30 seconds, and then wash off with lukewarm - but not hot - water. Moisturize immediately after to help keep exfoliated skin hydrated.
• Use of AHAs increases sensitivity of the skin to UV light, which can cause a sunburn. When using AHA products, wear protector solar with a skin protection factor (SPF) of 30 or higher, protective clothing and limit sun exposure during use and for a week after.

Glycolic acid and retinol

Retinoids are a class of powerful compounds that help unclog pores. They can also spur faster turnover of surface skin cells and increase collagen production. Retinol is a type of retinoid, and it helps even out skin tone and improves hyperpigmentation and skin texture.

Combining various therapies into one cream may potentially benefit skin that has been photodamaged. However, it is strongly recommended to speak with a health care provider before combining different topical products like those listed above.

Glycolic acid side effects

Always check the product label for safety information and usage directions. Common side effects reported after the use of glycolic acid peels include reddening; a stinging sensation or sensation of pulling of facial skin; mild burning; and temporary post-inflammatory dark spots. In rare cases, the use of glycolic acid can cause a flare-up of pimples, persistent redness and a loss of pigmentation in the skin.

Because glycolic acid makes skin more sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) light, try to use it at night and in conjunction with sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher. If you have symptoms that have persisted for more than a few days or if your side effects are severe, stop using the product and contact your health care provider.

Is it OK to use glycolic acid every day?

It depends on the skin and type of product. If you have questions about frequency, talk to a health care provider or dermatologist.

Can glycolic acid help fade dark spots?

For some people, glycolic acid may be able to help fade dark spots on the skin. It may also help slow melanin production.

Can glycolic acid help remove tans?

No. Glycolic acid makes the skin more photosensitive, which can increase the risk of burning if skin is exposed to sunlight or other types of UV light.

Este contenido es solo para fines informativos y no constituye un asesoramiento médico. Consult your health care provider before taking any vitamins or supplements and prior to beginning or changing any health care practices.